Characteristics of horn unit:
The horn monomer is composed of paper basin, magnet, coil and other materials. Its various material parts have an important impact on the characteristic curve and quality of the monomer. Therefore, it is often heard that someone can judge the timbre just by the diaphragm material and monomer size. In fact, this is very wrong.
For example, there are two bass monomers with the same paper basin but different sizes, which can not obtain more low-frequency characteristics with larger monomers, because the smaller monomers may use larger magnets and have higher magnetic number density, so they can have better low-frequency characteristics than the larger monomers.
Below, we will analyze the structure and types of monomers:
Structure classification:
Front diaphragm type: used for general horn. Place the diaphragm directly in front, and the diaphragm material can be seen. The sound is released into the air after the sound is directly oscillated through the diaphragm.
Rear diaphragm compression horn monomer: place the diaphragm directly behind, and the diaphragm material cannot be seen. Its sound generation method is to squeeze the sound oscillated by the diaphragm through the compression conduit, so that the sound can be evenly diffused into the air, and the listener can obtain better positioning and clearer high-resolution sound quality.
In addition, it can divide the frequency division point to the intermediate frequency part, so the horn with compressed tweeter horn can obtain better midrange and thicker human voice.
Internal material of horn:
Diaphragm: high and low frequencies are generated by pushing the diaphragm. Including aluminum ribbon, ceramics, silk, titanium and beryllium. Beryllium is the lightest material.
Magnets: including alnico (natural magnet), neodymium and ferrite (iron). The magnetic density (magnetic force) of alnico is the highest, followed by neodymium and iron. The higher the magnetic density, the better the control force, and the more real sound can be obtained.
2、 Interior material of bass unit:
Horn diaphragm: make sound by pushing the diaphragm. For the same material, the larger diaphragm can obtain better low-frequency response. Its general materials include paper (mixed with paper and glass fiber), PP, Kevlar, aluminum, etc.
The paper has better low-frequency characteristics, which is used for the monomer of more than one million speakers. However, due to the slow production speed, it is gradually taken by other materials.
Hanging edge: connect the paper basin with the frame, and the material used will affect the low-frequency response of the monomer. General materials include sponge edge, rubber edge and cloth edge (W shape and M shape).
Although the sponge edge can easily obtain more low frequencies, it has slow speed, poor control, easy to be damaged by humid climate and short service life.
Rubber edge can also obtain more low frequencies. Like sponge edge, it has poor speed sense and control power, but has a long service life.
The selvage can obtain better speed sense and control force, and the low frequency of W-shaped selvage is better than that of M-shaped selvage. In addition, it has the longest service life.
T iron: it is mainly at the position of supporting magnet and coil. The design of heat dissipation hole affects the heat dissipation degree of monomer, and the gap between magnet and T iron will affect the efficiency of monomer.
Magnet and coil: the material used is similar to that of treble monomer.
Coil: it is wound with metal wire in a circumferential manner, which generates polarity through the conduction of current, and then pushes the diaphragm surface to make sound by attracting and repelling with the magnet. The winding direction will affect the phase of the monomer; The thickness, shape and material of the metal wire used will affect the overall efficiency and heat resistance of the monomer (whether it can withstand high power);
The winding length of the coil will affect the impedance of the horn. Generally, aluminum flat wire and circular wire are adopted. Aluminum flat wire is better, which can make the coil and magnet most closely and the gap is the smallest, so the efficiency is the highest, but the disadvantage is that it is not easy to make when winding the coil.